CONCLUSION: SHORT VOWELS VS LONG VOWELS.

  Short vowels and long vowels can be identified in some ways. First, it can be recognized according the stress they have. A word ending with a consonant that is voiced is longer, but if the word ends with a consonant that is voiceless it will be shorter. For example: in the words "cat" and "cab", the first one is shorter and the other is longer. Second, we can find the difference between them by knowing how the word is written. For example: the long vowels can be identified if the majority of words have two vowels like in "sheep". And the short vowels can be identified in the majority of the words are written with only a vowel, like in "ship". In conclusion, the different stress and the way the words are written help us as future teachers give some tricks that students can follow and don't make the same mistakes. Students can also be provided the charts that the short and long vowels are placed. It will help them to analyze between the different pronunciations the English vowels have.
Here we have a video where you can teach children about the short and long vowels.

ENGLISH PLOSIVES

English has six plosive consonants that have three different places of articulation like: bilabial, alveolar and velar. Also, plosives can occur in the initial, medial and final position. In the initial position we can realize that the sounds are kind of little voincing and when we release the sound we can realize that the air which passes trough the vocal cords makes a sound like h. It is called aspiration. In the medial position depends on the syllables that are precede to notice if they are stronger or not, but usually it wouldn't be so strong as the initial and final position. And the final position we can realize that the pronuntiation of the sounds p, k, t are shorter, they almost are voiceless.

Here we have a video where we can practice more about plosives in the IPA

DIPHTHONGS AND TRIPHTHONGS

The diphtongs have two vowel sounds and are composed in two parts: the first part is much longer and stronger than the second part that is shorter and quieter.  For example: in the word eye we can realize that the /a/ sound is stronger than the /I/ sound. English has 6 diphtongs which are cathegorized in centring and closing.

These dipthongs are represented in the following charts.

                        CLOSING                                                                CENTRING

  

Triphthongs are composed of three vowel sounds. They are very complicated in the moment we are speaking fluently because we cannot realize if we are pronouncing the words apropiately. In the case of BBC pronuntiation we made triphthongs because we pronounce the ə (schwa) sound at the end of the words like in hour. But in American speech, it is very difficult to identify the triphthongs.

Here we have a video of the diphthongs and triphtongs:

ENGLISH LONG VOWELS

English has five long vowels that can be identified according to the tongue shape and position and lip position. When a single vowel letter is in the end of a word (or syllable), it usually says its long sound (or its name), as in go and be. When two vowels go hand in hand in the same word (or syllable), the first vowel is usually long, and the second vowel is usually silent. e.g., bake makes the /ay/ sound (long a) and the e is silent; goal makes the /oh/ sound (long o) and the a is silent.

Here we have a video related to the long vowels

                                                  

THE PRODUCTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS

To know the production of speech sounds, we have to take into account where the sound is located in our organism. The diagram is a very useful tool where we can identify the different places where the air, that will cause the sound, passes through the vocal tract. Also, it helps us to identify the different articulators we have in our vocal cavity to develop the speech like: the tongue, the hard and strong palate, the larynx, etc. Here we have a video where shows you the different parts of the articulators:

Furthermore, the diagram can show the different positions where the vowel sounds are produced, if they are in the front or at the back of the diagram. We have two different types of vowels, short and long that are placed in the following diagram:

INTRODUCTION

This course explains us that knowing the pronunciation of the words in context and the accent of different cultures are not all involved in it because it is not the aim. Phonetics and Phonology is joined to teach us speech sounds and how they are used in a language. As future teachers we need to know the use of sounds in spoken English to get the advantage that our students will be able to speak well, having the fundament of how the sounds are produced providing good structures in sentences and the reasons to do that. This course helps us to do some exercises and how to control some problems that can be presented in our professions as teachers. In conclusion, by studying Phonology and Phonetics helps us to understand in a better way the origin of the sounds and the different accents and dialect in our world.

Here is a link that can help you more about these two terms:Phonology and Phonetics